Hefang Street, historic commercial street, Hangzhou, China (photo by 钉钉, 2019) 钉钉, “Hefang Street”, photograph, November 8, 2019, Wikimedia Commons, accessed May 15, 2026, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hefang_Street.jpg

Hefang Street is one of Hangzhou's most famous commercial and tourist destinations. At first glance the street appears deeply historical. Traditional style buildings with curved eaves line both sides of the road. Shop signs advertise tea, silk, crafts, snacks, and souvenirs that emphasize local heritage. However this historical appearance is carefully curated for modern consumption. Hefang Street is not a preserved relic. It is a living commercial zone designed to attract and manage large crowds of visitors. (7)The photograph shows a street filled with people moving in every direction. Umbrellas, bags, and bodies create a constant sense of density. There is almost no empty space. My eye does not rest on any single building or architectural detail. Instead I find myself following the flow of human movement through the street. The street's width, the placement of shop entrances, and the absence of vehicles all encourage continuous pedestrian flow. Every storefront in the photograph is open and occupied. Shop signs hang over the street. People lean toward one another, which suggests conversation even though the image is silent. Umbrellas tilt as their owners navigate the crowd. The number of bodies pressed into the frame creates a visual density that suggests an energetic and fast paced environment. Yiping Li's work on heritage tourism helps explain Hefang Street. Li argues that historical spaces often become sites where conservation and change exist together, not as opposites but as partners. (8) Hefang Street's historical appearance attracts tourists who want an authentic Chinese experience, but that authenticity is performed through commerce. This location supports my thesis because the meaning of Hefang Street comes less from its buildings and more from what the photograph shows about how people use it. They push through crowds, stop at shops, and move continuously. The crowd is not a problem to be solved. The crowd is the experience.

7. Yiping Li, "Heritage Tourism," 250 8. Yiping Li, "Heritage Tourism," 258