back which rises from his shoulders, and comes to a blunt point at about the centre of his back, and tapers off to his hips; this bunch is from one to two feet high above the back bone, and not attached to it not to the frame of the camel, so that in skinning him the Arabs take off the bunch with it which is larger or smaller, as the camel is fat or lean. He who rides on a camel without a saddle (which saddle is peculiarly constructed so as not to touch the bunch) is forced to get on behind it, where the breadth of the body keeps the rider’s legs extended very wide, while he is obliged to keep himself from slipping off over the beast’s tail, by clenching both hands into the long hair that covers the bunch.

The camel is a very domestic animal; he lies down on his belly at the command of his master, folding his legs under him something like a sheep; there he remains to receive his rider or his burden when he rises at a word, and proceeds in the way he is driven or directed, with the utmost docility and cheerfulness, while his master encourages him by singing. The Arabs use neither bridle nor halter, but guide and manage the camel (whose head is quite at liberty) by means of a stick, assisted by words and of the tongue; having one sound to urge him on faster; one to make him go slower; and a third, which is a kind of cluck with the tongue, to make him stop. He chews his cud like an ox, and has no fore teeth in his upper jaw; but his lips are long and rough, so that he nips off the rugged shrubs