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Sources

Sources Used:

Colonel Robert Shaw, sitting, facing right / Whipple, 96 Washington Street, Boston. United States, 1863. [?] Photograph. https://www.loc.gov/item/2010647751/.

“The 54th Massachusetts and the Second Battle of Fort Wagner (U.S. National Park Service).” National Parks Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, https://www.nps.gov/articles/the-54th-massachusetts-and-the-second-battle-of-fort-wagner.htm.

54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry Regiment, https://www.54thmass.org/regiment-history/a-brave-black-regiment/.

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“Battle of Fort Sumter.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Fort-Sumter.

DiscerningHistory. “Fort Wagner and the 54th Massachusetts.” YouTube, YouTube, 18 July 2013, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=olRyZxnZLeA.

“John Albion Andrew (U.S. National Park Service).” National Parks Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, https://www.nps.gov/people/john-albion-andrew.htm.

“Massachusetts Historical Society. Founded 1791.” MHS Collections Online: To Colored Men. 54th Regiment! Massachusetts Volunteers, Of African Descent, Massachusetts Historical Society, https://www.masshist.org/database/viewer.php?item_id=49.

“NavSource Online: ‘Old Navy’ Ship Photo Archive.” Miscellaneous Photo Index, NavSource, http://www.navsource.org/archives/09/86/86045.htm.

“Robert Gould Shaw (U.S. National Park Service).” National Parks Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, https://www.nps.gov/people/robert-g-shaw.htm.

“The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History.” Sergeant Francis Fletcher of the 54th Massachusetts on Equal Pay for Black Soldiers, 1864 | Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History, The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History, https://www.gilderlehrman.org/history-resources/spotlight-primary-source/sergeant-francis-fletcher-54th-massachusetts-equal-pay.

Van de Giesen, William. “DR. BERNARD VANDERFIEFT An Excellent Surgeon in the American Civil War.” Journal of Civil War Medicine, vol. 18, no. 1, Jan. 2014, pp. 18–28. EBSCOhost, https://search-ebscohost-com.libproxy.scu.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=30h&AN=99422257&site=ehost-live&scope=site.

Gardner, Alexander. “[Keedysville, Md., Vicinity. Smith's Barn, Used as a Hospital after the Battle of Antietam].” Library of Congress, 1 Jan. 1862, https://www.loc.gov/pictures/resource/cwpb.00256/.

Banks, John. “'Great Heaven!': Descendants Step Back in Time at Antietam.” John Banks' Civil War Blog, 1 Jan. 1970, http://john-banks.blogspot.com/2018/09/great-heaven-descendants-step-back-into.html.

Services, National Park. “Antietam: Slavery and Emancipation in Sharpsburg.” National Parks Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, https://www.nps.gov/anti/learn/historyculture/slavery-and-emancipation-in-sharpsburg.htm.

Taylor, Troy. “Haunted Places: Ghosts of Antietam: History & Hauntings of One of America's Most Haunted Battlefield.” Ghosts of Antietam, History and Hauntings, 2003, http://www.militaryghosts.com/antietam.html.

Bowman, Tom. “Antietam: A Savage Day in American History.” NPR, NPR, 17 Sept. 2012, https://www.npr.org/2012/09/17/161248814/antietam-a-savage-day-in-american-history.

Moses, Rachel. “The Pry Family and the Battle of Antietam.” National Museum of Civil War Medicine, The National Museum of Civil War Medicine, 30 July 2018, https://www.civilwarmed.org/pry-antietam/.

Heavey, Bill. “The Ghosts of Antietam.” The Washington Post, WP Company, 11 Feb. 1998, https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1998/02/11/the-ghosts-of-antietam/08340442-857a-4e1b-a1bd-9c0f193daaff/.

American Battlefield Trust, director. Antietam: The Civil War in Four Minutes. YouTube, YouTube, 2 June 2015, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CxDAJlnnPXo. Accessed 18 Nov. 2022.

Services, National Park. “Antietam: A Short Overview of the Battle of Antietam (U.S. National Park Service).” National Parks Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, https://www.nps.gov/articles/a-short-overview-of-the-battle-of-antietam.htm#:~:text=Most%20importantly%2C%20Union%20victory%20at,of%20the%20American%20Civil%20War.

Longfellow, Rickie. “Back in Time: Ghosts of Antietam's Battlefield and the Bloody Lane.” U.S. Department of Transportation/Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation/Federal Highway Administration, 27 June 2017, https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/infrastructure/back1105.cfm.

Services, National Park. “Antietam: The Piper Farm.” National Parks Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, 3 Sept. 2020, https://www.nps.gov/anti/learn/historyculture/the-piper-farm.htm.

Robertson, James I., Jr. “A Federal Surgeon at Sharpsburg.” Civil War History, vol. 6, no. 2, June 1960, pp. 134–51. EBSCOhost, https://doi-org.libproxy.scu.edu/10.1353/cwh.1960.0011.

Klein, Christopher. “7 Ways the Battle of Antietam Changed America.” History.com, A&E Television Networks, 14 Sept. 2012, https://www.history.com/news/7-ways-the-battle-of-antietam-changed-america.

Sources