Annotated Bibliography
Cinel, Dino. From Italy to San Francisco: The Immigrant Experience. Stanford University Press, 1982. EBSCOhost, https://search-ebscohost-com.libproxy.scu.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsacl&AN=edsacl.MIU01000000000000003602725&site=eds-live.
The author, researchers at the Stanford University Press draws on the history of Italian Americans in San Francisco to explain the challenges they faced in the career of fishing itself and amongst the different social groups of the Italian community. The authors and researchers find information from bibliographical references of different Italian immigrant groups in the San Francisco Bay Area. First generation Italian Americans excelled in the fishing industry, competing with other Italian immigrant groups to dominate the industry. Later generations returned to Fisherman’s Wharf following the end of World War II and left their family fishing industry to pursue other careers in surrounding counties.
Guglielmo, Jennifer, and Salvatore Salerno. Are Italians White?: How Race Is Made in America. Routledge, 2003.
The authors, researchers at Routledge of New York and London, discuss the way immigrant groups go about accepting new reality through reterritorialization. The authors and researchers find information from bibliographical references of the social conditions, race identity and race relations of Italian Americans. Upon arriving in the United States, Italian Americans were seen as outsiders due to identity and culture, along with being the last immigrant group to arrive. Over time, Italian Americans were not considered lower class than the Asian, Latino or African groups and their unique culture assimilated to American culture allowing them to later be racially privileged.
Gumina, Deanna Paoli. The Italians of San Francisco, 1850-1930 = Gli Italiani Di San Francisco, 1850-1930. Center for Migration Studies, 1999.
The authors, researchers at the New York Center for Migration Studies, put forth the history and experiences of Italian Americans in the San Francisco Bay Area, focusing on Italian immigrant groups and the financial challenges working in the fishing industry came along with. The authors and researchers find information from bibliographical references of different Italian immigrant groups in the San Francisco Bay Area. The dominance of Sicilian fishermen in the Bay Area created conflicts between another immigrant group called the Genoese. Fishermen experience seasons of lucrative business, but wives stepped in to help provide income for the family during seasons of low income for their husbands.
Niekerken, Bill Van. “How Fisherman's Wharf Went from Fishing Hub to Tourist Mecca.” San Francisco Chronicle, San Francisco Chronicle, 3 Jan. 2019, https://www.sfchronicle.com/chronicle_vault/article/How-Fisherman-s-Wharf-went-from-fishing-hub-to-13499318.php#:~:text=In%20the%20early%201960s%2C%20tourist,Plus%20opened%20there%20in%201958.
The authors, researchers of “How Fisherman’s Wharf Went from Fishing Hub to Tourist Mecca” use historical context from the daily Newspaper of San Francisco established in 1865 and largest newspaper in Northern California to portray how Fisherman’s Wharf transformed from a predominantly fishing industry area to a popular tourist attraction. The authors primarily find their information and evidence from chronicle writers. Fisherman’s Wharf environment shows the successful story of Italian Americans in the fishing industry in the 1900s and the changes the area experienced in the early 1960s to become a tourist destination.
Laurino, Maria. The Italian Americans: A History. W.W. Norton & Company, 2015.
The authors, researches of “The Italian Americans: A History,” draws on the history composed by journalists, bibliographers, cultural historians and told by Italian Americans. San Francisco fishermen and WWII enemy aliens captivate readers to dive deeper into the history and identity of the ethnic group. Authors find their resources and information from journalists, bibliographers, cultural historians and by word of mouth from Italian Americans. Italian Americans settling in the San Francisco Bay area, specifically Fisherman’s Wharf, experience instant success within the fishing industry, but tides change as World War II begins. Italian Americans are classified as “enemy aliens” forcing them to leave their homes and jobs due to restriction zones. The authors show the constant challenge of establishing one's identity in the New World for Italian Americans.