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In 1812 the Spanish government sent an extensive questionnaire to learn about the local culture and society of its colonies. In 1814 Mission Santa Clara responded to this important document revealing significant information about the beliefs,…

In California’s past thousands of Native People in hundreds of different groups lived here — and their descendants still live here. The landscapes were different. Tule elk and pronghorn antelope, for instance, grazed in huge herds on native…

How distinct language boundaries discovered by late 20th century linguists (left) have come to define the modern categorizations of smaller tribes (right) that historically have been collectively called the Ohlone People.

Portrait heads of Indians of California by Louis Choris

Illustration II : Isle of Cuba [Cortez Expedition].

Ohlone Indians in a Tule Boat in the San Francisco Bay 1822, by Louis Choris

Two Ohlone men hunting. Painted by Louis Choris.

Dance headdresses of the native peoples of California by Louis Choris (1822)

This is an image of Dr. Horace Newton Allen.

This is an image of Korean and Japanese women working at pineapple packing tables for the Hawaiian Pineapple (Dole) Company.